SKU: 31245252290

-COOH modified upconverting (near-infrared )

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Description

-COOH modified upconverting (near-infrared )Product Name Name: COOH modified upconverting nanoparticles (near infrared light) Product Overview Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are nanomaterials that can convert low energy light into high energy light. They are composed of inorganic nanocrystals doped with rare earth ions and have unique upconversion luminescence properties. Rare earth upconversion luminescence is based on the 4f electron transition of lanthanide rare earth ions. Currently,

Product Name

Name: -COOH modified upconverting nanoparticles (near-infrared light)

Product Overview

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are nanomaterials that can convert low-energy light into high-energy light. They are composed of inorganic nanocrystals doped with rare earth ions and have unique upconversion luminescence properties. Rare earth upconversion luminescence is based on the 4f electron transition of lanthanide rare earth ions. Currently, the common upconversion luminescence mechanisms can be summarized into three types: excited state absorption, energy transfer upconversion, and photon avalanche.

The preparation methods of upconversion nanoparticles mainly include coprecipitation method, high-temperature pyrolysis method, hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, sol gel method, etc. In order to widely apply UCNPs in the biomedical field, in addition to improving luminescence efficiency, it is also necessary to functionalize their surfaces to enhance water solubility and biocompatibility, and achieve multifunctionality. The main surface modification methods include ligand exchange (PEG, PEI, etc. with - COOH, - NH2 groups), ligand oxidation, ligand adsorption, layer by layer self-assembly, and silica coating.

Most of the rare earth doped ions in the nuclear nanoparticles are exposed on the crystal surface, which is prone to non radiative energy transfer with the external environment, leading to fluorescence quenching and thus reducing the upconversion luminescence efficiency. The most commonly used method to reduce this quenching process is to wrap an inert shell layer on the surface of doped nanocrystals to form a core-shell structure, which confines the luminescent ions in the internal core. The shell layer increases the distance between the luminescent center ion and the external environment, effectively reducing energy transfer and thus increasing the luminescence efficiency. At present, the most commonly used method is to modify the shell layer in the previously synthesized nuclear layer structure that is the same as the matrix material, such as NaYF: Yb, Er@NaYF4 NaYF4: Yb, Tm@NaYF4.


Technical Parameter

Emission wavelength: 804nm

Excitation wavelength: 975-980nm

Particle diameter: 35 nm

Main components: NaYREF4 (RE:Yb, Tm) 

Product Features

 

Colorful luminescence: By changing the type and concentration of rare earth ions doped, multi-color luminescence from visible light to near-infrared light can be achieved.

Stokes shift is large: Stokes shift refers to the difference between the emission wavelength and the excitation wavelength. The Stokes shift of upconversion nanoparticles is relatively large, which can effectively reduce self absorption and background interference, improve luminescence efficiency and detection sensitivity.

Good photostability: Upconversion nanoparticles have good photostability and can maintain stable luminescence performance under long-term illumination.

Good biocompatibility: Through surface modification, upconversion nanoparticles can be coupled with biomolecules (such as proteins, antibodies, etc.) to achieve biological labeling and detection.

Non damaging to biological tissues: Its excitation light source near-infrared light (980nm or 808nm) has strong light penetration, almost no damage to biological tissues, and no background fluorescence.


Application Fields

 

Biomedical: Upconversion nanoparticles can serve as biomarkers for cell imaging, biological detection, drug delivery, and other applications. For example, coupling upconversion nanoparticles with antibodies or biomolecules can achieve targeted labeling and detection of specific cells or biomolecules.

Optical imaging: Upconversion nanoparticles can be used for deep tissue imaging, such as in vivo animal imaging. Due to its longer emission wavelength, it can penetrate deeper biological tissues, reduce tissue scattering and self fluorescence interference, and improve imaging clarity and contrast.

Photocatalysis: Upconversion nanoparticles can convert visible light into ultraviolet or near-infrared light, thereby broadening the spectral response range of photocatalytic materials and improving photocatalytic efficiency.

Solar cells: Upconversion nanoparticles can be used to improve the efficiency of solar cells. By combining upconversion nanoparticles with solar cell materials, low-energy photons can be converted into high-energy photons, increasing the absorption and utilization of solar light by the cell.


Related Information

Please e-mail for the detailed characterization data.

E-mail:[email protected]

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SKU: 31245252290

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4.4 ★★★★★
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Myles Long
Lowell, US
★★★★★ 3
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Size: 1 Pack, Style: Bone
Hard to review product for its durability because my dog has never chewed it once. Doesn’t care about it at all. The bone feels rugged but smells like playdoh. It’s sat on the floor for over a month untouched.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 6, 2026
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Sunshine89436
Fort Morgan, US
★★★★★ 1
Pawbler FAIL: First time our dog bit the ball, it popped open and dumped all the kibble.
Size: 1 Pack, Style: Pawbler
I would not recommend! We have a 48# dog and within minutes of giving it to him, the Pawbler was open and all of the kibble was in a pile on the ground. I had washed and dried the Pawbler, added kibble, and tightened the lid as tight as possible. Imagine my surprise when, within minutes of giving it to him, the lid was off and all the kibble was on the ground. I thought it was a fluke so then I made an extra effort to make sure the lid was super tight...and the same thing happened. This time there was no food inside so he started chewing on the two parts. Within minutes of that, he'd chewed/damaged the rubber on both the body and the lid. I took it away as I didn't want him to destroy/eat any of the rubber bits. I was surprised he could even get the Pawbler in his mouth. It's heavy and he is a medium sized dog. He has the Benebone Bone, the WestPaw bone, the WestPaw ring that he chews on all of the time and none of those are showing any type of wear so to see this opened/chewed within 15 minutes makes me think this was defective. I am returning and hoping for a refund. DO NOT BUY! Poor value for the money. Not durable. Not chew resistant.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2026
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lesserof2weevils
Whiting, US
★★★★★ 5
Just what I was looking for to slow my large dog while eating
Size: 1 Pack, Style: Pawbler, Size: 1 Pack, Style: Pawbler
I needed something for my 50-pound dog to slow down her eating. The usual slow-feeder bowls and mats weren't really slowing her down much and I wanted her to have to think a little bit. She's not smart enough for puzzles though. So I got this kibble dispensing toy. My dog is not a chewer so I don't have to worry about her destroying it. LOVE: holds a little more than a cup of kibble, dispenses different sized kibbles, heavy weight so it wobbled around a lot without going too far away, QUIET- I couldn't bear the noise of hard plastic dispensers clacking around and this one is very quiet on our hardwood floors, kept the dog busy for at least 20 minutes. It's really all I was hoping it would be. And, well, as you can see in the video, the cat is happy about it too... As with all of these dispensers, there will be a couple of kibbles left inside that are hard to get out. But that gave my dog something to do overnight. She spent a long time getting that last kibble out. The slight scent they add to the natural rubber is not a problem at all. This dispenser is absolutely worth the money, it's going to last us a very, very long time.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 17, 2025
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Diane
Battle Creek, US
★★★★★ 5
People are doin it wrong
Size: 1 Pack, Style: Cone
Cheap and durable and huge. The bad reviews are from people who aren’t using it right. Step 1) plug hole with a smear of peanut butter. 2) put a low calorie but appetizing mix of whatever you want: yogurt, pate, pumpkin puree, blended with frozen veggies on the walls 3) freeze cone for 30 mins. Hole will be sufficiently plugged to add liquid. 4) fill the rest with water or bone broth and freeze overnight to make it a changing ice block.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 4, 2026
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MARIA
Carnegie, US
★★★★★ 5
Perfect Teething Toy for Puppies!
Color: Pacifier, Size: Small
My puppy absolutely loves this Nylabone Puppy Pacifier Chew Toy! The bacon flavor immediately caught his attention, and it has quickly become his favorite toy. It’s the perfect size for small puppies and easy for little mouths to carry around and chew on. The material is soft enough for teething but still durable enough to hold up to daily chewing. It has really helped redirect my puppy from chewing on furniture and shoes, and it seems to soothe his gums while he’s teething. I also like that it keeps him entertained for long periods of time. Great quality, puppy-approved, and definitely worth buying for any small dog owner!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 29, 2026

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