SKU: 431135154

The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System

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The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway SystemRobert A. Van Wyck, mayor of the greater city of New York, broke ground for the first subway line by City Hall on March 24, 1900. It took four years, six months, and twenty three days to build the line from City Hall to West 145th Street in Harlem. Things rarely went that quickly ever again. The Routes Not Taken explores the often dramatic stories behind the unbuilt or unfinished subway lines, shedding light on a significant part of New York City's

Robert A. Van Wyck, mayor of the greater city of New York, broke ground for the first subway line by City Hall on March 24, 1900. It took four years, six months, and twenty-three days to build the line from City Hall to West 145th Street in Harlem. Things rarely went that quickly ever again. The Routes Not Taken explores the often dramatic stories behind the unbuilt or unfinished subway lines, shedding light on a significant part of New York City's history that has been almost completely ignored until now.

Home to one of the world's largest subway systems, New York City made constant efforts to expand its underground labyrinth, efforts that were often met with unexpected obstacles: financial shortfalls, clashing agendas of mayors and borough presidents, battles with local community groups, and much more. After discovering a copy of the 1929 subway expansion map, author Joseph Raskin began his own investigation into the city's underbelly. Using research from libraries, historical societies, and transit agencies throughout the New York metropolitan area, Raskin provides a fascinating history of the Big Apple's unfinished business that until now has been only tantalizing stories retold by public-transit experts.

The Routes Not Taken sheds light on the tunnels and stations that were completed for lines that were never fulfilled: the efforts to expand the Hudson tubes into a fullfledged subway; the Flushing line, and why it never made it past Flushing; a platform underneath Brooklyn's Nevins Street station that has remained unused for more than a century; and the 2nd Avenue line--long the symbol of dashed dreams--deferred countless times since the original plans were presented in 1929. Raskin also reveals the figures and personalities involved, including why Fiorello LaGuardia could not grasp the importance of subway lines and why Robert Moses found them to be old and boring. By focusing on the unbuilt lines, Raskin illustrates how the existing subway system is actually a Herculean feat of countless political compromises.

Filled with illustrations of the extravagant expansion plans, The Routes Not Taken provides an enduring contribution to the transportation history of New York City.

Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Fordham University Press
Published: 09/01/2015
ISBN: 9780823267408
Pages: 336
Weight: 1.40lbs
Size: 9.70h x 6.20w x 0.90d
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SKU: 431135154

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Cuba, US
★★★★★ 4
Good product
Size: 6 Pieces
Fun for dogs with anxiety or bored. Easy to fill and clean with different options to build.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 21, 2026
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Joy
Phoenix, US
★★★★★ 5
Durable and fun
Size: 4 Pieces, Size: 4 Pieces
I have a chewer who gets bored in the afternoon. She loves these Lego blocks. They’re sturdy enough for a big chewer and they hold her interest . She really enjoys figuring out how to get her breakfast!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 4, 2026
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Karen Brewer
Port Orchard, US
★★★★★ 3
Love the idea!
Size: 6 Pieces, Size: 6 Pieces
Love the idea of this product! Arrived 3/25/2026 and started using it the same day. Lab puppies (8 months old) loved it too, until one of the tabs was chewed off 😞 One of the puppies ate something (not this product) last week and was sick & finally threw up the rubber pieces he ate. So they can’t use the toys they love!
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Reviewed in the United States on April 1, 2026
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Gabby
Lake Worth, US
★★★★★ 5
Get 8 pack for bigger / stronger dogs
Size: 6 Pieces, Size: 6 Pieces
This is the best puzzle toy i have found for my GSD mix. All around high quality product 10/10. Thick, durable rubbery material that holds up against a strong chewer. Individual pieces are big and bulky enough that i don’t have to worry about my bigger dog accidentally (or intentionally) swallowing a piece, so i don’t need to supervise. That being said, if you have a bigger dog or a strong chewer, i HIGHLY recommend getting the 8 pack if you actually want to keep them busy for more than 20 mins consistently. Bigger dogs just have more leverage to tug on the pieces because obviously…they are bigger, so its just easier for them. The more pieces you add and more tangled/thicker you can make it, the less leverage they have and the harder it is for them to get a good grip. I have a german shepherd/pitbull mix (big boi, v smart, v strong) and i initially got the 4 pack which, after the first few times, only took him about 5 mins to get all the pieces apart even with level 5 connections. So I ordered an additional 6 pieces (i have a total of 10 pieces now) so i could make it harder for him and it was totally worth it. Now I use 8 pieces with level 5 connections and vital essentials freeze dried beef liver treats inside for my GSD and it consistently takes him 30+ mins to get the whole thing apart. I have timed this lol. I can rebuild the 8 pieces multiple different ways to make it more or less challenging (but i always opt for as difficult as possible to keep him entertained for as long as possible) I use the other two pieces with a level 1 or 2 connection for my other dog- bordercollie mix who is not a very strong chewer, he mostly just rolls it around/ licks it until it finally opens or i help him. Both of my dogs are obsessed with this. And i love watching them try to figure it out.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 7, 2026
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Cassandra DeSpain
Belleville, US
★★★★★ 5
Awesome Tough Chewer Focus Puzzle
Size: 8 Pieces, Size: 8 Pieces
Our 2 yr old busy Mini Goldendoodle (24lbs) looooves this! The material is super tough, yet malleable; he has chewed away and you can’t even tell. We got the 8 pack, worth it! I load them all up with mostly kibble and a treat or two. It took just a short time for him to figure out how to really get it apart. On 1 it came apart really easy for him. We are mostly on 3s, with 2s. When he gets down to only 2 pieces connected it’s usually a 3 and it takes a little longer to get apart due to less leverage. It is mostly easy to use but the higher the plug end is, the more effort it will also take for YOU to get it together. The numbers are a little hard to see, more so on the yellow over the blue. If you use kibble like me, don’t fill it too full as then it won’t connect fully and be prepared for kibble to fly everywhere when they finally get it off. There are holes in the plug part, if you put something in it like peanut butter, remember to poke the holes out! Eew! Other than that they are fairly easy wash out in the sink! Overall, this has become our go to, extended focus, quiet time, [essentially a] slow feeder!
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Reviewed in the United States on April 24, 2026

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